Article on "The Secrets to Rupee Cost Averaging: Multiply Your Wealth with Mutual Fund Tools! " by Mohit Choudhary

The Secrets to Rupee Cost Averaging: Multiply Your Wealth with Mutual Fund Tools! 

 Mohit Choudhary

 B.Com. (H) Sem - IV (Session 2021-24) 

Roll - 431

Understanding Rupee Cost Averaging:

Imagine you're at a buffet where the prices of dishes constantly fluctuate. If you grab all the dishes at once, you might overpay for some and miss out on others. But there's a smarter way to feast on the market! Think of it like opting for a consistent serving size, buying more when prices are low, and less when they're high. This clever technique is the essence of rupee cost averaging in mutual funds – an investment strategy with incredible wealth-building potential.

 

As the wise John C. Bogle once said, "Trying to time the market is like trying to catch a falling knife." And who wants to do that, right?

 

SIP – Systematic Investment Plan:

 

With SIP, you get to enjoy a fixed amount of investments served regularly. Remember what the legendary Warren Buffett said, "Do not save what is left after spending; instead, spend what is left after saving." This means by consistently investing a fixed sum, you can buy more mutual fund units when prices are low and fewer when they're high. In doing so, you average out the cost over time and maximize your potential gains.

 

Suppose Mr. A's SIP starts in January. He decided to invest ₹5,000 consistently over the subsequent months. As a result, he purchased units at varying prices due to market fluctuations. However, Mr. A's disciplined approach rewarded him with more units during market lows and fewer during highs. This led to the incredible benefits of rupee cost averaging and, of course, improved returns.

 

STP - Systematic Transfer Plan:

 

STP enables you to strategically move your money from one scheme to another within the mutual fund co. (AMC), effectively managing risk and optimizing returns.

 

Miss B wisely started an STP with a ₹10,000 monthly transfer from her debt fund (in which she has put her lumpsum corpus) to an equity fund. This clever move diversified her investment and shielded her from sudden market shocks. Over time, Miss B enjoyed a more balanced and effective investment strategy through this gradual transition.

 

And here's a pro tip for you: If you have a lump sum of money and don't want to worry about timing the market, consider investing it all at once in a debt or liquid fund of the same mutual fund company (AMC) where you intend to invest. Then, start an STP over the course of around 12 months. This way, your investment remains unaffected by market fluctuations.

 

SWP - Systematic Withdrawal Plan:

 

A way to enjoy the returns on your investment while preserving the remaining corpus. SWP offers investors a regular payout by redeeming units from their accumulated investments.

 

Mr. C started a SWP of ₹15,000 monthly from his equity fund. This provided him with a consistent income stream while keeping his investment intact. The magic of rupee cost averaging came into play here, as the number of redeemed units adjusted according to market conditions.

 

And here's another pro tip: If you have an existing mutual fund investment that no longer suits your needs, you can use SWP. Simply redeem a specific amount through SWP while simultaneously initiating a SIP with that same amount (Unlike STP it will help you in moving funds across the AMCs). This way, you maintain financial harmony while making necessary adjustments. You can also make SWP your regular income source instead of FD by choosing the right fund, such as a balanced or income fund, and carefully setting the SWP amount based on your financial needs and the fund's performance, you can enjoy a consistent income stream. Plus, you have the flexibility to select the frequency of withdrawals – monthly, quarterly, or annually.

Article on " e-commerce unlocking the global trade" by Shreya Pandey

 E-commerce unlocking the global trade

Shreya Pandey

Roll No. 113

B.Com Semester 2 (2022-26)

_𝙄𝙉𝙏𝙍𝙊𝘿𝙐𝘾𝙏𝙄𝙊𝙉__

Michael Aldrich was the first who invent e-commerce technology. In India, from 1995 to 2005 was the first wave of e-commerce.

China is the first world's biggest e-commerce market.

K. Vaitheeswaran is widely hailed as "the father of e-commerce in India".

The first e-commerce company was fabmart.com in 1999.

 " E-commerce is an advanced way of conducting business online and across the borders". The limitation of conducting business within geographical boundaries & connecting to the global market through offline mode paved the way for the adaptation of a concept called e-commerce.

According to Phillip Kotler --  "A general term for buying and selling procedure that is supported through electronic means."

______________________

𝙏𝙃𝙀𝙊𝙍𝙄𝘾𝘼𝙇 𝘼𝙋𝙋𝙍𝙊𝘼𝘾𝙃 𝙊𝙁 𝙀-𝘾𝙊𝙈𝙈𝙀𝙍𝘾𝙀

1. Transaction cost theory 

2. Marketing

3. Diffusion

4. Information retrieval

5. Strategic networking

𝙃𝙤𝙬 𝙚-𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙚 𝙪𝙣𝙡𝙤𝙘𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙡𝙤𝙗𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚!? 

 Many business owners dream of their products being used in every corner of the world. The period of Covid-19 unlocked the door for global trade in a bigger way. In this period the revenue for online shopping grew up across the world. 

Cross-border transactions in commerce are the biggest growth opportunity for the Indian e-commerce industries. As per the  𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙝, the e commerce is expected to grow at CAGR of 17.3%. 

    

𝙀𝙭𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚:-- 𝙚-𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙚 𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙣 𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙧 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙐𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙥𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙤𝙣𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙡𝙚𝙧 𝙗𝙖𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝘾𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙖. 

• 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙣𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙝 = the buyer of USA searches a specific products and discover on online market. 

• 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩 𝙨𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 =  the store website select desire product and add it in shopping cart.

• 𝙥𝙖𝙮𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 = the consumer proceeds to the checkout process and make the payment using one of offered method credit card and any other online method. 

•𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙨𝙝𝙞𝙥𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙜 = the retailers arrange the international shipping of purchased products

• 𝙘𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙢 & 𝙙𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙨 = the product enters the United States through custom clearance. 

• 𝘿𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙙𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 = the product clear custom it handed over to a local delivery service in the United State 

• 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙚𝙞𝙥𝙩 = the consumer receipt the product at their doorstep. The transaction complete the cross- border of e-commerce transaction. 

 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙖𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙚 𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙚 𝙐𝙎𝘼 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘾𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙖 𝙙𝙚𝙥𝙚𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙩'𝙨 𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙨 8- 10 𝙙𝙖𝙮𝙨.

𝙆𝙚𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝙚-𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙚 Un𝙡𝙤𝙘𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙜𝙡𝙤𝙗𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚

1. The first key factor:  the driving force is to give utmost preference to consumer preference.

2. The second key factor: the ability of the seller to manage and complete transactions through the range of integrated logistics along with payment trusted open marketplace. 

3. The third key factor: make Indian sellers competitive in the global market would be as-----

      • Simplicity in the export procedure to reduce the delivery timeline. 

      • Digital transfer of the product would satisfy the consumer. 

      • favourable policy for India. 

The marketplace provides equal opportunity to all types of the seller not just by providing integrated 𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙞𝙘𝙚. 

𝘾𝙊𝙉𝘾𝙇𝙐𝙎𝙄𝙊𝙉

 " 𝙀-𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙝𝙚𝙡𝙥𝙛𝙪𝙡 𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙝𝙣𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙜𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙧 𝙖𝙘𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙩𝙤 𝙗𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙡𝙙. '

Article on "Highlights of Union Budget 2022" by Nishu Gupta

Highlights of union budget 2022

Nishu Gupta, Roll No. 152

B.Com  Semester - III (2020-23)

“Live as if you were to die tomorrow and Learn as if you were to live forever.”

-Mahatma Gandhi

From an era of ancient rooted budget culture to the era of modernization of 21st century, the urgent need of budget formulation expands for spurring the growth for 9.27% Cr with the aim of achieving $5 trillion economy, the new highlights encroached as a booster for COVID crisis economy prevailing in India. Even the crisis of Wuhan virus didn’t assimilate fuel and spirit of growing technology.

“Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high. Where the knowledge is free and the world has not been broken into fragments by narrow domestic walls. Where the words come out from the depth of the truth. Where the mind is led forward by the ever widening thought and action- into that heaven of freedom, my father, let my country awake.”

- Rabindranath Tagore

On the verge of AmritKal, the 25 year long lead up to India@100, the budget which encompasses the growth opportunities with four keys-

 PM Gati shakti

 Finance sector

 Climate actions and changes

 Energy transitions

Digital assets are welcomed into Indian Economy instead of debarring it, as on last year, they’re taxed @30%. FM Nirmala Sitharaman proposed to provide for any income from the transfer of virtual Digital assets shall be taxed like crypto currencies, NFTS.

Digital rupee is widely seen to be welcomed in India soon starting 2022-23. With the welcoming of central bank digital currency, it would proved to be a holistic booster for cheaper and efficient currency management system. Indian rupee on an Indian block chain will be observed soon.

Mega connectivity push, 20000 Crore More than $2 billion, i.e. PM Gati Shakti plan which encompasses faster transfer of goods via airport railways roads ports traumas transport waterways logistic infrastructure.

On the coming years, India plans to build 400 new trains and 100 cargo terminals. India plans to invest $100 billion in infrastructure, i.e. 35% more than 2021 and double of what India spends on before pandemic.

Make in India is getting a boost in defence, where there is marginal increase in allocation of budget, i.e. 5.25 Lac crore rupees, i.e. more than $ 60 billion, i.e. Increase in 5% of the budget as compared to that of the next year.

E- passports for Indians would be issued soon. With a small silicon chip embedded on the back of the passport which will contain all vital information of the individuals like name, passport number and details of yours last 30 visit.

A large chunk of investments are upgraded with the coming of 5G technology by the next year with the name of being a hub of 5G manufacturer, there is also a vision of bringing connectivity in villages. The government is going to make contracts to lay optical wire cables around the country. Digital education is getting its peak with the establishments of digital university which creates the scope for world class digital education.

Further, the expansions of E-Vidya channels from 12 to 200 to inculcate the knowledge to each and all in every regional languages.

Mental health was a striking topic of budget amid exhaustion of time and health due to Wuhan virus pandemic across the world. The initiative of tele-mental program bridges the gap of exhaustion to a brightening and rejuvenation.

Last but not the least I would like to conclude with “budget today” discussions with the quote below-

“Righteousness is the foundation stone of peace and good governance”

- Confucius

References:-

·        Http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

·        www.india.gov.in

·        Http://en.m.wikipedia.org

·        Http://pib.gov.in

Article on "UNICORNS STARTUPS" by Arunima Konar

UNICORNS STARTUPS

Arunima Konar, Roll No. 22

B.Com Semester -VI (2019-22)

Unicorns do exist! but maybe not the kind you are thinking off. So, today you are about to get a special look into the land of unicorns! A Unicorn Start-ups.
Definition of unicorn start-ups:-
Unicorn start-ups means a start-up that is privately -owned with a valuation exceeding $1 Billion.
 
The question arises from where this word “UNICORN” came?
 
As, “UNICORNS” particularly means “RARE”. It’s a mythical creature which is resembling a white horse with a single horn on its forehead which is quite hard to find.
              Now, it is very interesting to know WHO and WHEN this “UNICORN” term coined. So, AILEEN LEE, Cowboy Ventures’ founder, coined this term first in 2013 while referring to 39 start-ups having a valuation of over $1 billion. Aileen chooses this term to highlight the statistical rarity of such start-up companies. Although the definition of unicorn start-up has not changed, the number of unicorns in INDIA and the world has increased considerably. High growth start-ups with big valuations have been around for a while, but the name “unicorn” is new. Lee wanted a word that would capture the essence of a group of tech start-ups that carried valuation over $1billion and were founded in the US after 2003. The “UNOCORN” is particularly dedicated to these start-ups only because Lee calculated that 1 in 1538 software and internet companies actually made it to unicorn hood – or 0.7%.
 
Feature of unicorn start-ups: -

1.    Tech-based: - The main feature of growing unicorn start-ups at this high pace for the past few years is, these start-ups are utilising the flood of new technologies and explosion of social media. The core business model of many companies runs on technology. Like, the first unicorn start-up of INDIA, InMobi which is a tech-based company offering mobile advertisement service, now globally, which gets the crown of unicorn start-up in 2011.
2.    Pioneers in their niche: - Many start-ups have achieved the status of a “unicorn” by venturing into a field not known or targeted before. Being the starters in a specific industry has given them an edge against the competition to ensure consistent business growth.
3.    Given forefront priority to the consumer comfort:-  The market has completely shifted from product oriented to consumer oriented. Now every company is focusing on consumer needs. Like, OYO rooms have changed the way how people used to book accommodation while travelling.
4.    Privately owned:- Mainly all of the unicorns are privately owned which get their valuation of $1 billion.

Valuation of Unicorn start-ups:-

Since the publication of Lee’s “Tech Crunch” article it has become widely used to refer to start-ups in technology, mobile technology and information technology sectors.
 The value of unicorn is generally based on how investor and venture capitalists feel they will grow in future, so it all comes down to longer-term forecasting. This means their valuations are nothing to do with the way they perform financially. In fact, many of these companies rarely generate any profit when they first get running.
Generally, valuation of these unicorns usually comes from funding rounds of large venture capital firms investing in these start-up companies.

Current scenario of these unicorn start-ups:-

·      In World -  Three short years after Lee’s article published , the unicorn population has shot-up. While still rare, there are more than 1068 unicorn start-ups around the world currently. In 2021 alone, 519 of these privately held unicorn start-ups were ‘’born’’. With a total of 100 unicorns, India has the third-highest number of start-ups valued at a billion dollars or more. However, it lags behind eternal rival China, and the world’s current unicorn hub, the US, by quite some distance. In fact, the US has more than 8 times the number of unicorns as India.
·      In INDIA – The country is just displaced UK in case of unicorn start-ups. The unicorns are flourishing in the fast- paced and dynamic economy of today. These start-ups are not only developing innovative solutions and technologies but are generating large-scale employment. With 44 Indian start-ups joining the unicorn club in a single year (2021).Not only that Indian start-ups Ecosystem has seen exponential growth in past few years (2015-2021). 9X increase in the number of investors, 7X increase in the funding of start-ups, 7X increase in the number of incubators.
 
GLIMPSES OF INDIA’S TOP 10 UNICORN STARTUPS :-
1.   Flipkart
2.    BYJU’S
3.    NYKAA
4.    BharatPe
5.    Paytm
6.    OLA Cabs
7.    Zomato
8.    Policybazaar
9.    Droom
10.ShareChat
 
Conclusion :-
As of December 2021, the US dominated the market with the largest number of unicorns. China is expected to slow down from current level of unicorn births, but there is a significant growth in India, UK, Germany. Technology is the leading sector with the highest share of potential unicorns, followed by financial services, pharma & healthcare and retailing. It is expected that these non-leading sectors can have 80% of potential unicorns in coming years.
   
 Sources:-
1.    https://www.inc42.com/
2.    https://www.investopedia.com/
3.    https://www.investindia.gov.in
 
 

Article on "Make in India" - By Ritu Barnwal

 MAKE IN INDIA

Ritu Barnwal, Roll No. 40

B.Com Semester VI (2019-22)

“Make in India is”, an initiative by the government of India to make India a manufacturing hub and galvanize the economy with stalwart investment in the manufacturing and service sector. As its name
suggest Make in India is an initiative to make products and services in India and encourage companies both foreign and domestic companies to develop and manufacture products in India. It also focuses on building effective physical infrastructure and improving the digital network in the country to create a global hub for business. It is a golden opportunity for investors who want to set up any business anywhere in the country.

Individual states too launched their initiatives, such as “Make in Odisha”, “ Vibrant Gujarat”, and “Happening Haryana”, and “Magnetic Maharashtra”. After its launch, to give a head start to this initiative, Government of India announces investment commitments up to 16.40 Lakh crore and investment inquiries worth of 1.5 lakh crore from September 2014 to February 2016. As a result, India emerged globally as the favorite destination for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in 2015.  In terms of Foreign Direct Investment India even surpasses the United States and China in 2015. At the start of this campaign 25 economic sectors were targeted for job creation and skill enhancement.

Make in India movement was launched by keeping in mind three major objectives. Those three objectives are as follows:
 To enhance the growth of the manufacturing sector of India by 12-14% annually.
 To create 100 million additional manufacturing jobs in the Indian economy by 2022.
 To ensure the contribution of the manufacturing sector in GDP is increased by 25% by 2022
(later revised to 2025).

The contribution in GDP from manufacturing sector in India was 16.3% in year 2014-15 and that of in 2019-20 15.1% that shows the decline of manufacturing sector even after implementation of Make in India campaign. This could be the impact of Covid-19.  As the whole world was shut down due to the pandemic situation. The manufacturing sector was put on hold since the end of 2019.
Indian market is dominated by cheap Chinese products which hamper the sale of commodities produced in India. Make in India campaign if implemented successfully can result in decrease dependence in Chinese products and also promotes manufacturing and job opportunities in the country. It will ultimately result in the increase in growth rate in GDP and create boom in the economy.

Not only in India but at international level China is a major rival to India when it comes to the outsourcing, manufacturing, and services business. The bureaucratic approach of former governments, lack of robust transport networks, and widespread corruption makes it difficult for manufacturers to achieve timely and adequate production. Removing these hurdles and make the nation an ideal destination for investors to set up industries is the aim of Make in India program. Like every coin has two sides these campaigns also have few disadvantages. These are: negligence of agriculture sector, loss of small entrepreneurs, manufacturing based economy, pollution, disruption of land, bad relation with China, increase gap between haves and have-nots, etc. On these aspects governments must apply some corrective measures so that country will grow in a balanced way.

To conclude, India, a country, having the 2nd largest population after china to make it attain full employment by bringing development and growth and reducing poverty this policy is an urgent need. India is a developing country and to increase its growth rate this policy will be helpful. Thus the country’s economy will achieve a new height after the success of this campaign. This, in turn, may solve various social issues in the country.